Multiple Chirp Generation in a Radar System

ABSTRACT

A radar device is provided that includes a timing control component operable to generate, for each chirp of a sequence of chirps according to a set of chirp configuration parameters and a chirp profile for the chirp, chirp control signals to cause the radar device to transmit the chirp, the timing control component having chirp configuration parameter inputs, chirp profile parameter inputs, a chirp address output, and chirp control signal outputs, a chirp configuration storage component having chirp configuration parameter outputs coupled to corresponding inputs of the configuration parameter inputs of the timing control component, a chirp profile address output, and a chirp address input coupled to the chirp address output, and a chirp profile storage component having chirp profile parameter outputs coupled to the chirp profile parameter inputs of the timing control component; and a chirp profile address input coupled to the chirp profile address output.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

1. Field of the Invention

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to radar systems,and more specifically relate to multiple chirp generation in a radarsystem.

2. Description of the Related Art

Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) automotive radar systemstransmit and receive parameterized frequency-modulated signals commonlyreferred to as chirps. Many such radar systems are implemented usingmostly analog circuits with a programmable digital timing engine forconfiguring chirps. Typically, the parameter values of a chirp to betransmitted are written by a software program to a set of parameterregisters in the timing engine. Typical applications of automotive radarsystems require that the radar systems transmit a “burst” or sequence ofchirps (which may be referred to as a “frame”) with minimal time gapbetween the chirps. A frame of chirps may include a large number (e.g.,256 or 512) of chirps, each of which may have different parametervalues. To avoid allocating the large area of silicon that would beneeded to have one set of parameter registers for each chirp in a frame,current radar systems typically have a few (e.g., 2-4) sets of chirpparameter registers that are used by the software program in around-robin fashion. Thus, the software that is setting the parametersfor the chirps is required to continuously operate in real-time toconfigure parameters of a subsequent chirp while a current chirp istransmitted.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatusfor multiple chirp generation in a radar device. In one aspect, a radardevice is provided that includes a timing control component operable togenerate, for each chirp of a sequence of chirps according to a set ofchirp configuration parameters and a chirp profile for the chirp, chirpcontrol signals to cause the radar device to transmit the chirp, thetiming control component having a set of chirp configuration parameterinputs, a set of chirp profile parameter inputs, a chirp address output,and a set of chirp control signal outputs, a chirp configuration storagecomponent having a set of chirp configuration parameter outputs coupledto corresponding inputs of the set of configuration parameter inputs ofthe timing control component, a chirp profile address output, and achirp address input coupled to the chirp address output, and a chirpprofile storage component having a set of chirp profile parameteroutputs coupled to the set of chirp profile parameter inputs of thetiming control component; and a chirp profile address input coupled tothe chirp profile address output.

In one aspect, a method for generating a frame of chirps in a radardevice is provided that includes programming a set of chirpconfiguration parameter values for each chirp in the frame of chirps, inwhich each set of chirp configuration parameter values includes a chirpprofile selection parameter value indicating a chirp profile for thechirp, programming chirp profile parameter values of at least one chirpprofile, and generating, sequentially for each chirp in the frame, chirpcontrol signals to cause the radar device to transmit the chirp, whereingeneration of the control signals is based on the set of chirpconfiguration parameter values for the chirp and the chirp profileindicated by the chirp profile selection parameter value of the chirp.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Particular embodiments will now be described, by way of example only,and with reference to the accompanying drawings:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a prior art chirp timing engine;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example Frequency Modulated ContinuousWave (FMCW) radar device;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the chirp timing engine of FIG. 2; and

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a method for multiple chirp generation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE DISCLOSURE

Specific embodiments of the disclosure will now be described in detailwith reference to the accompanying figures. Like elements in the variousfigures are denoted by like reference numerals for consistency.

As previously mentioned, typical applications of automotive FMCW radarsystems require that the transmission of large frames of chirps withvarying parameters with minimal time gap between the chirps. A softwareprogrammable digital timing engine in a radar system may be used toconfigure the chirps in a frame. FIG. 1 is a high level block diagram ofan example prior art digital chirp timing engine 100. The timing engine100 receives some number of chirp parameters 102 as inputs and usesthese parameters to generate chirp control signals 104 for various partsof the radar system. The chirp parameters 102 are defined by the radarsystem architecture and may include, for example, a transmitter enableparameter for indicating which transmitters to enable, a chirp frequencystart value, a chirp frequency ramp slope, analog-to-digital (ADC)sampling start and end times, transmitter power on and power off times,etc. Similarly, the chirp control signals 104 are defined by the radarsystem architecture and may include, for example, a transmitter enablesignal for each transmitter, the desired instantaneous transmittingfrequency, control register values for a radio frequency synthesizer, asignal indicating that ADC output is valid, etc.

The chirp parameter values are supplied by an application softwareprogram executing on a processor external to the chirp timing engine100. The application software operates to store the desired parametervalues for each chirp in registers of the chirp timing engine 100. Forthis example, two sets of registers are assumed. To transmit a frame of256 chirps, the application software operates in real-time, using theregister sets in a round robin fashion to set the parameter values of asubsequent chirp while the timing engine 100 is processing theparameters of the current chirp.

Embodiments of the disclosure provide for programming the parametervalues of multiple sequential chirps to be transmitted by an FMCW radardevice, i.e., a frame of chirps, such that the frame of chips can betransmitted in real time without further external intervention. Forexample, in some embodiments, application software of the radar devicecan program all chirp parameter values for all chirps in a frame andthen trigger the timing engine to transmit the frame, thus reducing thesoftware processing overhead of the prior art. Further, the amount ofstorage, e.g., the number of registers, needed to store all theparameter values for all chirps in a frame is significantly reduced fromwhat would be required in the prior art.

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of an example FMCW radar device 200providing multiple chirp generation. The radar device 200 may includemultiple transmit channels 204 for transmitting FMCW signals andmultiple receive channels 202 for receiving the reflected transmittedsignals. Further, the number of receive channels may be larger than thenumber of transmit channels. For example, an embodiment of the radardevice 200 may have two transmit channels and four receive channels. Atransmit channel includes a suitable transmitter and antenna. A receivechannel includes a suitable receiver and antenna. Further, each of thereceive channels 202 are identical and include a mixer 206, 208 to mixthe transmitted signal with the received signal to generate a beatsignal, a baseband bandpass filter 210, 212 coupled to an output of themixer 206, 208 for filtering the beat signal, a variable gain amplifier(VGA) 214, 216 coupled to an output of the filter 210, 212 foramplifying the filtered beat signal, and an analog-to-digital converter(ADC) 218, 220 coupled to an output of the VGA 214, 216 for convertingthe analog beat signal to a digital beat signal.

The receive channels 202 are coupled to inputs of a digital front end(DFE) 222 that performs decimation filtering on the digital beat signalsto reduce the data transfer rate. The DFE 222 may also perform otheroperations on the digital beat signals, e.g., DC offset removal. The DFE222 is coupled to an input of a high speed serial interface (I/F) 224that transfers the output of the DFE 222 to the processing unit 106.

The control component 226 includes functionality to control theoperation of the radar device 200. The control component 226 mayinclude, for example, a buffer to store the output samples of the DFE222, an FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) engine to compute spectralinformation of the buffer contents, and an MCU that executes software toprogram the chirp parameters of frames of chirps to be transmitted. Thesoftware, which may be specific to the particular application of theradar device, is operable to program the timing engine 242 to fortransmission of frames of chirps. More specifically, the softwareincludes functionality to program chirp configuration parameters andchirp profile parameters for a frame of chirps and to trigger the timingengine 242 to effect transmission of the frame of chirps using theprogrammed parameter values.

The programmable timing engine 242 includes functionality to store chirpparameters for a frame of chirps and to control the transmission andreception of the chirps in a frame based on the parameter values. Thetiming engine 242 is discussed in more detail in reference to FIG. 3.

The radio frequency synthesizer (RFSYNTH) 230 is coupled to outputs ofthe timing engine 242 to receive chirp control signals and includesfunctionality to generate FMCW signals for transmission based on thechirp control signals from the timing engine 242. In some embodiments,the RFSYNTH 230 includes a phase locked loop (PLL) with a voltagecontrolled oscillator (VCO).

The serial peripheral interface (SPI) 228 provides an interface forreceiving communication with external devices.

The multiplexer 232 is coupled to inputs of the RFSYNTH 230 and theinput buffer 236. The multiplexer 232 is configurable to select betweensignals received in the input buffer 236 and signals generated by theRFSYNTH 230. The output buffer 238 is coupled to an output of themultiplexer 232 and may be used transmit signals selected by themultiplexer 232 to an external device.

The clock multiplier 240 increases the frequency of the transmissionsignal (LO signal) to the LO frequency of the mixers 206, 208.

The clean-up PLL (phase locked loop) 234 operates to increase thefrequency of the signal of an external low frequency reference clock(not shown) to the frequency of the RFSYNTH 234 and to filter thereference clock phase noise out of the clock signal.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the timing engine 234 of FIG. 2. Thearchitecture of the timing engine is designed to support multiple chirpgeneration, i.e., the generation of a frame of sequential chirps,without the need for software intervention to program chirp parameterswhile the frame is being transmitted. The chirp parameters supported bythe radar device 200 are divided into two groups, those parameters thatare most likely to be changed frequently across chirps in frame, i.e.,chirp configuration parameters, and those parameters that are mostlikely to have values common to multiple chirps (if not all chirps) in aframe, i.e., chirp profile parameters. The chirp profile parameters arereferred to collectively as a chirp profile.

The number and types of chirp parameters of a radar device may depend onthe particular architecture of the device. Further, the number and typesof chirp configuration parameters and the number and types of chirpparameters in a chirp profile may depend on factors such as theparticular architecture of the device and the applications the device isintended to support. Some example chirp parameters are depicted in FIG.3. In this example, the chirp configuration parameters include atransmitter enable parameter (TX Enable) for indicating whichtransmitters are to be enabled for a chirp, a starting frequencyparameter for specifying the initial frequency of a chirp, a ramp slopeparameter for specifying the slope of the frequency ramp of a chirp, anda parameter for specifying when the output of the ADC is initially validfor a chirp (ADC Valid Start Time). The chirp configuration parametersmay also include a chirp profile select parameter (Chirp Profile Select)used to indicate the particular chirp profile to be used for the chirp.Some example chirp profile parameters include a parameter specifying thenumber of ADC samples to process (No. ADC Samples), a parameterspecifying the time between chirps, frequency synthesizer configurationparameters (RFSYNTH Config), and transmitter configuration parameters(TX Config).

The timing engine 242 includes a chirp configuration storage component302 to store a set of chirp configuration parameters for each chirp in aframe to be transmitted, a chirp profile storage component 304 to storemultiple chirp profiles, and a timing control component 306 coupled toparameter outputs of the storage components 302, 304. The storagecomponents 302, 304 may be implemented as, for example, registers orrandom access memory or a combination thereof. A trigger input (frametrigger) of the timing control component 306 is coupled to an output ofthe control component 226 to receive a trigger signal indicating thattransmission of a frame of chirps is to begin. A chirp address output ofthe timing control component 306 is coupled to a chirp address input ofthe chirp configuration storage 302. Chirp control signal outputs 308 ofthe timing control component 306 are coupled to corresponding inputs ofcomponents in the radar device 200. For example, chirp control signaloutputs may be coupled to corresponding chirp control signal inputs ofthe transmit channels 204, the receive channels 202, and the RFSYNTH230. In some embodiments, the timing control component 306 isimplemented as a state machine.

The chirp configuration storage component 302 is sized to hold valuesfor the chirp configuration parameters for the maximum frame sizesupported by the radar device 200. For example, if the maximum framesize is 512 chirps and there are 6 chirp configuration parameters, thechirp configuration storage component 302 includes sufficient storagecapacity to store values for 512 sets of chirp configuration parametervalues, i.e., 6×512 parameter values. A chirp profile address output(Chirp Profile Select) is coupled to a chirp profile address input ofthe chirp profile storage component 304. Chirp configuration parameteroutputs of the chirp configuration storage component 302 are coupled tocorresponding chirp configuration parameter inputs of the timing controlcomponent 306.

The chirp profile storage component 304 may be sized to hold multiplechirp profiles. For example, if the number of chirp profile parametersis 18 and the number of chirp profiles is 16, the chirp profile storagecomponent 304 includes sufficient storage capacity to store 16 sets ofchirp profile parameter values, i.e., 16×18 chirp profile parametervalues. Chirp profile parameter outputs of the chirp profile storagecomponent 304 are coupled to corresponding chirp profile parameterinputs of the timing control component 306.

The number of chirp profiles in the chirp profile storage component 304may be dependent on the architecture of the radar device. For example,if there are multiple transmitters, a profile for each transmitter maybe needed. In another example, if the radar device may be used inmultiple modes, e.g., short range, mid range, and long range, a profilefor each mode may be needed. Further, extra profile storage may beincluded for more chirp programming flexibility. In another example, fora simpler radar device, there may be a single chirp profile or a smallnumber of profiles.

Note that the amount of storage needed, e.g., the number of registers,needed to store all the parameter values for all chirps in a frame issignificantly reduced from what would be required in the prior art. Forexample, in the prior art, if there are 22 chirp parameters and themaximum frame size is 512 chirps, storage for 22×512 parameter values isneeded in order to program all parameter values for all chirps in aframe of 512 chirps prior to transmission.

In operation, responsive to a frame trigger signal received via thetrigger input, the timing control component 306 receives chirp parametervalues for a frame of chirps from the storage components 302, 304 anduses these parameters values to output chirp control signals 308 forvarious components of the radar system 200 to effect transmission andreception of each of the chirps in the frame. Once triggered, the timingcontrol component 306 iterates through the sets of chirp configurationparameter values stored in the chirp configuration storage component302, sending successive chirp addresses to the chirp configurationstorage component 302 to access the chirp parameter values for eachchirp in the frame. Responsive to a chirp address, the chirpconfiguration storage component 302 provides the requested set of chirpconfiguration parameter values to the timing control component 306 viathe chirp configuration parameter outputs.

Also responsive to the chirp address, the chirp configuration storagecomponent 302 sends the chirp profile address in the requested set ofchirp configuration parameters to the chirp profile storage component304 via the chirp profile address output. Responsive to the receivedchirp profile address, the chirp profile storage component 304 providesthe requested chirp profile parameter values to the timing controlcomponent 306 via the chirp profile parameter outputs.

The number and type of chirp control signals generated by a timingcontrol component in a radar device are architecture dependent. As shownin FIG. 3, example chirp control signals 308 may include the desiredinstantaneous frequency (Frequency) for a chirp, a control signalenabling a transmitter (TX Power On), a transmitter polarity controlsignal (TX Polarity), a control signal indicating that the output of anADC is valid (ADC Output Valid), frequency synthesizer control signals(RFSYNTH Control), transmitter control signals (TX Control), softwareinterrupts, etc.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a method for multiple chirp generation in aradar device having a timing engine such as that of FIG. 3, e.g., theradar device of FIG. 2. For simplicity of explanation, the method isexplained in reference to the radar device of FIGS. 2 and 3. One ofordinary skill in the art will understand embodiments of the method forother radar devices. Further, embodiments are described assuming atiming engine with multiple chirp profiles. One of ordinary skill in theart will understand embodiments having a single chirp profile.

Initially, chirp configuration parameters are programmed 400 for eachchirp in a frame of chirps to be transmitted. That is, for each chirp inthe frame, software executing in the control component 226 programs(sets the values of) a set of chirp configuration parameters in thechirp configuration storage component 302. For example, if the frameincludes 512 chirps, 512 sets of chirp configuration parameters areprogrammed.

Chirp profile parameters in chirp profiles indicated in the programmedsets of chirp configuration parameters may also be programmed 402. Thatis, for each chirp profile indicated by a chirp profile select parameterin the programmed sets of chirp configuration parameters, the softwareprograms the chirp profile parameters in that profile in the chirpprofile storage component 304. This programming may include changingone, multiple, or all parameter values in the profile. Note that a chirpprofile may be used by one, several, or all chirps in a frame. In someembodiments, this step is performed as needed. For example, the valuesof the parameters in a chirp profile may be used for transmission ofmultiple frames and thus not changed for each frame in which the profileis used. In another example, the chirp profiles may be programmed onetime when the radar device is turned on and remain static duringoperation of the device.

Once the chirp configuration parameters and chirp profiles (optionally)are programmed, transmission of the frame of chirps is triggered 404.That is, the control component 226 signals the timing control component306 to initiate the transmission of the frame of chirps. The timingcontrol component 306 then iterates 406-412 through the sets of chirpconfiguration parameters stored in the chirp configuration storagecomponent 302 to effect the transmission and reception of each specifiedchirp by the radar device 200. More specifically, for each chirp in theframe 412, the timing control component 306 receives 406 the set ofchirp configuration parameter values for the chirp from the chirpconfiguration storage component 302, receives 408 the chirp profileparameter values for the chirp from the chirp profile indicated by thechirp profile select parameter from the chirp profile storage component304, and generates 410 control signals based on these parameter valuesto cause the chirp to be transmitted.

Other Embodiments

While the disclosure has been described with respect to a limited numberof embodiments, those skilled in the art, having benefit of thisdisclosure, will appreciate that other embodiments can be devised whichdo not depart from the scope of the disclosure as disclosed herein.

For example, embodiments have been described herein in which the chirpparameter programming is performed by the control component of the radardevice. One of ordinary skill in the art will understand embodiments inwhich some or all of the chirp parameter programming is performed by anexternal MCU or other suitable processor.

Although method steps may be presented and described herein in asequential fashion, one or more of the steps shown in the figures anddescribed herein may be performed concurrently, may be combined, and/ormay be performed in a different order than the order shown in thefigures and/or described herein. Accordingly, embodiments should not beconsidered limited to the specific ordering of steps shown in thefigures and/or described herein.

Certain terms are used throughout the description and the claims torefer to particular system components. As one skilled in the art willappreciate, components in radar systems may be referred to by differentnames and/or may be combined in ways not shown herein without departingfrom the described functionality. This document does not intend todistinguish between components that differ in name but not function. Inthe following discussion and in the claims, the terms “including” and“comprising” are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should beinterpreted to mean “including, but not limited to . . . .” Also, theterm “couple” and derivatives thereof are intended to mean an indirect,direct, optical, and/or wireless electrical connection. Thus, if a firstdevice couples to a second device, that connection may be through adirect electrical connection, through an indirect electrical connectionvia other devices and connections, through an optical electricalconnection, and/or through a wireless electrical connection, forexample.

It is therefore contemplated that the appended claims will cover anysuch modifications of the embodiments as fall within the true scope ofthe disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A radar device comprising: a timing controlcomponent operable to generate, for each chirp of a sequence of chirpsaccording to a set of chirp configuration parameters and a chirp profilefor the chirp, chirp control signals to cause the radar device totransmit the chirp, the timing control component having a set of chirpconfiguration parameter inputs, a set of chirp profile parameter inputs,a chirp address output, and a set of chirp control signal outputs; achirp configuration storage component having a set of chirpconfiguration parameter outputs coupled to corresponding inputs of theset of configuration parameter inputs of the timing control component, achirp profile address output, and a chirp address input coupled to thechirp address output; and a chirp profile storage component having a setof chirp profile parameter outputs coupled to the set of chirp profileparameter inputs of the timing control component; and a chirp profileaddress input coupled to the chirp profile address output.
 2. The radardevice of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of transmit channels,chirp control inputs of each transmit channel coupled to correspondingchirp control signal outputs of the timing control component.
 3. Theradar device of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of receivechannels, control signal inputs of the receive channels coupled tocorresponding chirp control signal outputs of the timing controlcomponent.
 4. The radar device of claim 1, in which the chirpconfiguration storage component is operable to store sets of chirpconfiguration parameter values for a maximum chirp frame size.
 5. Theradar device of claim 4, in which the maximum chirp frame size is 512chirps.
 6. The radar device of claim 1, in which the chirp profilestorage component is operable to store a chirp parameter profile for atleast one transmit channel of the radar device.
 7. The radar device ofclaim 1, in which the chirp profile storage component is operable tostore a chirp parameter profile for at least one operation mode of theradar device.
 8. The radar device of claim 1, in which the timingcontrol component is a state machine.
 9. The radar device of claim 1,wherein the chirp configuration storage component is random accessmemory and the chirp profile storage component is random access memory.10. A method for generating a frame of chirps in a radar device, themethod comprising: programming a set of chirp configuration parametervalues for each chirp in the frame of chirps, in which each set of chirpconfiguration parameter values includes a chirp profile selectionparameter value indicating a chirp profile for the chirp; programmingchirp profile parameter values of at least one chirp profile; andgenerating, sequentially for each chirp in the frame, chirp controlsignals to cause the radar device to transmit the chirp, whereingeneration of the control signals is based on the set of chirpconfiguration parameter values for the chirp and the chirp profileindicated by the chirp profile selection parameter value of the chirp.11. The method of claim 10, in which a chirp configuration storagecomponent in the radar device stores the sets of chirp configurationparameter values and a chirp profile storage component in the radardevice stores the at least one profile.
 12. The method of claim 11, inwhich a number of the sets of chirp configuration parameters is amaximum number of chirps in a frame supported by the radar device. 13.The method of claim 12, in which the maximum number of chirps is 512.14. The method of claim 10, in which a timing control component in theradar device performs the generating, sequentially for each chirp in theframe, chirp control signals.
 15. The method of claim 14, in which thetiming control component is a state machine.
 16. The method of claim 10,in which a control component in the radar device performs theprogramming a set of chirp configuration parameter values and theprogramming chirp profile parameter values.
 17. The method of claim 10,in which at least one of the chirp control signals is for at least oneof a plurality of transmit channels in the radar device.
 18. The methodof claim 10, in which at least one of the chirp control signals is forat least one of a plurality of receive channels in the radar device. 19.The method of claim 10, in which the at least one chirp profile includesparameter values for one of a plurality of transmit channels in theradar device.
 20. The method of claim 10, in which the chirp profileparameter values of the at least one chirp profile include parametervalues for a mode of the radar device.